Survey and data analysis of polymer flooding pilot and field applications in china by yandong zhang a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of the. The hot water flood showed an increase in oil recovery. Heterogeneity coefficients petroleum solutions, inc. Prediction of oil recovery by waterflood a simplified. Such models also are available from commercial software providers to the oil industry. Dykstra parsons theory is employed to accomplish the following at each time. The dykstraparsons method for prediction of oil recovery by water flooding is a well known technique which has been used by the petroleum industry since 1945. A history of past waterflood operations in the permian basin. The different techniques used for surveillance and performance monitoring of waterflood projects to optimize oil recovery, will be discussed, including. The effect of heterogeneity and well configuration on the. The effect of heterogeneity and well configuration on the performance of hot water flood. This selection depends on a random seed number which is an input to the model. During this course, participants will also learn about the process of immiscible displacement in a reservoir along with the waterflood pattern options and its effects on the selection and orientation of flood performance. Prediction of waterflood performance dykstra parsons.
Waterflood recovery and factors influencing recovery. Using polymers to improve co 2 flooding in the north burbank unit w. Results show that the performance of hot water injection is strongly affected by the degree and structure of reservoir heterogeneity. A study of dykstraparsons curves technical report osti. This technique of calculating the extended dykstra and parsons method is presented below. A method for predicting waterflood oil recovery was reported by h.
Estimate recovery factors for carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery by emil d. Hot water flood was carried out after the conventional water flood was well past its economic limit. Prediction of waterflood performance dykstra parsons method continued from petroleum pe432 at kuwait university. Assuming a constant water injection rate iw, the method is. Oilbank and surfactant breakthrough and project life are determined from fractional flow theory. To characterize heterogeneity, dykstra parsons 16 proposed a method that estimates a permeability variation coefficient v using the following equation.
Assuming a constant water injection rate iw, the method is summarized in the following steps. For this purpose, any of the many commercially available softwares can be used. Introduction dykstra parsons theory, governing the recovery of oil by water flood, has been well documented ref 1, 2, 3. In that approach, the routinecoreanalysis permeability data for the pay intervals are arranged in descending order, and the percent of the total number of values that exceeds each entry is calculated. We determined generalized correlations to determine the beginning, end, slope, and intercept of this line as a function of rock and fluid properties, such as endpoints of relative permeability curves, connate water saturation, residual oil saturation, mobility ratio, and the dykstra parsons coefficient. Survey and data analysis of polymer flooding pilot and field. In the analysis and evaluation of oil reservoirs it is often necessary to estimate the ultimate recovery that can be obtained through the use of a water flood. The first coefficient in the dykstra parsons tab is calculated from the average and standard deviation, whereas the second coefficient is calculated from interpolated values of p50 and p84. Polymer flooding in the minnelusa university of wyoming. The wfpoly flood was a success recovering 37% ooip the polymer type flood at the big mac unit recovered an estimated incremental oil of 14% ooip earlier than expected water breakthrough dictated the continued used of cdgs likely underestimated dykstra parsons factor in original sram results. The dykstraparsons method dykstra and parsons 1950 is used to predict the performance of waterflooding in noncommunicating stratified reservoirs. The dykstraparsons method is the general approach to calculating vertical sweep efficiency in reservoirs with no vertical pressure communication between layers, since it is appropriate for all values of the mobility ratio. Pilot and field water cut before polymer flooding information a box and. Survey and data analysis of polymer flooding pilot and.
The terms primary oil recovery, secondary oil recovery, and tertiary enhanced oil recovery are traditionally used to describe hydrocarbons recovered according to the method of production or the time at which they are obtained. Dykstra parsons coefficient, lorentz coefficient, effect of cross flow, vertical sweep efficiency need for waterflood patterns and selection criteria a lot of case studies and exercises day 2 the day is dedicated to examining the analytic techniques available to evaluate waterflood operations. In these cases, a water injection program will have only a minor. Waterdrive is a collection of classical waterdrive calculations and routines. Dykstra parsons water flood theory adapted to chemical flood modeling. In the hearndykstraparsons method, the layers are first sorted. Paper spe 97645 presented at the spe international improved oil recovery conference in asiapacific, kuala lumpur, malaysia, 56. Johnson 1956 developed a simplified graphical approach for the dykstra and parsons method that is based on predicting the overall oil recovery r at water oil ratios of 1, 5, 25, and 100 bblbbl.
Hydstra water, air and energy data management software. The present work carries their study further, solving the same problem of calculating coverage for certain values of permeability variation having wateroilratio and mobility ratio as fixed parameters. Pseudorelative permeabilities for water and oil, respectively, are defined. Dykstraparsons water flood theory adapted to chemical flood. The value of this uniformity coefficient ranges between 0. Order the n layers in the sequence in which they will successively flood out with water, by applying the following velocity equation.
There are many different waterflood patterns used in the industry, the most. Regardless of the permeability variation and the correlation structure, the use of vertical wells in a fivespot pattern was found to be the. It has an extensive history of activity, including primary depletion, produced gas cycling, and water. The various steps of waterflood implementation include cursory screening of candidate fields, scheme planning, project design including pilot design, and the estimation of the. See other hse courses see other courses from aztech. Calculate the waterflood performance with time, using two approaches based on the original work of dykstraparsons, which also relates oil recovery and. Much interest has been shown recently in the application of the method to chemical flooding, particularly for the case of polymer injection used for mobility control. Dykstra and parsons developed a method that is based on.
The various steps of waterflood implementation include cursory screening of candidate fields, scheme planning, project design. Five spot water flood of a partially depleted stratified reservoir. Waterflooding is still the recovery process responsible for most of. Generalized correlations to estimate oil recovery and pore. Methods of determining both layer permeability and oilphase relative permeability endpoints, from watercut. The present work carries their study further, solving the same problem of calculating coverage for certain.
Much interest has been shown recently in the application of the method to chemical flooding, particularly for the. This dykstraandparsons method takes into account initial fluid saturations, mobility ratios, producing wors, and fractional oil recoveries. Prophet to estimate recovery factors for carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery by emil d. This theory is versatile but underutilised since the advent and proliferation of finitedifference reservoir simulation. This theory is versatile but underutilised since the advent and. Regardless of the permeability variation and the correlation structure, the use of vertical wells in a fivespot pattern was found to be the most suitable well configuration to develop this reservoir. Using polymers to improve co2 flooding in the north. Likewise, selecting the dykstra parsons tab display the dykstra parsons chart and calculated coefficients. The properties of the base case with dykstra parsons permeability variation factor, v0. Dykstra parsons theory, governing the recovery of oil by water flood, has been well documented ref 1, 2, 3.
A kovaltype factor, based on the dykstra parsons 1950 coefficient, is used to account for the effects of reservoir heterogeneity on surfactant and oil bank velocities. The waterfloodings performance and its production forecast are routinely evaluated by the use of fractional flow modelling, such as buckleyleverett bl method, welge method, dykstra parsons. Five spot water flood of a partially depleted stratified reservoir computer prediction of water drive of oil and gas mixtures through irregularly bounded porous media. Using co2 prophet to estimate recovery factors for carbon. Herd department of petroleum engineering texas tech university presented at the 17 th. The modification of the dykstraparsons method for inclined. Dykstra and parsons 1950 introduced the concept of the coefficient. This technique of calculating the extended dykstra and. Waterflooding performance of communicating stratified reservoirs. A history of past waterflood operations in the permian basin marshall c. Modified dykstra parsons method dykstra parsons method felsenthal, cobb, and heuer 1962 extend the work of dykstra and parsons to account for the presence of initial gas saturation at the start of flood. Dykstra and parsons developed a method that is based on routinecoreanalysis data. Analytical model of waterflood sweep efficiency in. Calculate the waterflood performance with time, using two approaches based on the original work of dykstra parsons, which also relates oil recovery and producing wor to cumulative injected water.
Using dykstra parsons methods to evaluate stratified reservoirs. Five spot water flood of a partially depleted stratified reservoir full record. It is now generally known as the dykstra parsons method and is widely used by. Computer prediction of water drive of oil and gas mixtures.
Introduction the oil and gas journals enhanced oil recovery eor survey for 2014 koottungal, 2014 showed that gas injection is the most frequently applied method of eor in the united states and that carbon dioxide co 2. Given the diverse nature of data collected at a typical mine site, kisters software can become the ideal working data management tool. There are two kinds of injection programs to be compared with. A recent search of the spe elibrary using keyword waterflood identified. Dykstra and parsons 1950 introduced the concept of the coefficient permeability variation v, which is designed to describe the degree of heterogeneity within the reservoir. It is now generally known as the dykstra parsons method and is widely used by petroleum engineers. Methods of determining both layer permeability and oilphase relative permeability endpoints, from watercut development, are presented. An analytical model has been developed for quantitative evaluation of vertical sweep efficiency based on heterogeneous multilayer reservoirs. For high permeability model which has dykstra parsons coefficient dp as 0. Firstly, this paper summarises dykstraparsons theory alongside an automated method of tuning reservoir layer properties to prechemical water flood performance. Dykstra and parsons have published charts for determining the vertical sweep efficiency v d or conformance from the mobility ratio and the permeability variation, as shown for wor 5 and 0. From the relative permeability data and oil and water viscosities, calculate the fractional flow relationship from the following. Supplementary program is required to implement fractional flow theory. By applying the buckleyleverett displacement mechanism, a theoretical relationship is deduced to describe dynamic changes of the front of water injection, water saturation of producing well, and swept volume during waterflooding under the condition of.
Computer prediction of water drive of oil and gas mixtures through irregularly bounded porous media. The dykstraparsons procedure is as follows petroleum solutions. Calculate dykstraparsons and lorenz heterogeneity coefficients. Prediction of oil recovery by water flood a simplified graphical treatment of the dykstra parsons method. Figure 1454 shows the proposed graphical charts for the four selected wors. Waterflooding is the most successful and widely used enhanced oil recovery process. Introduction a method for predicting waterflood oil recovery was reported by h.
From a national or regional prospective, the aggregate. It therefore caters for velocity dispersion of the flood front between the individual layers. Dykstraparsons water flood theory adapted to chemical. The pattern efficiency is a function of the previously defined mobility ratio, the flood pattern, and given water cut. The permeability variation was taken into account by use of v, as defined in eq. Inspect the core and log data and divide the section into a total of n separate layers. The method is semiempirical and consists of a correlation of four fundamental variables. This course will cover waterflooding and the distribution of immiscible fluids in a reservoir. Calculate dykstra parsons and lorenz heterogeneity coefficients. Need for waterflood patterns and selection criteria. Calculate the waterflood performance with time for a fivespot pattern, using the.
An improved procedure for generating pseudorelative permeabilities. Over the years, several waterflood prediction methods have been proposed and. The parameters to consider when screening candidates for polymer flooding are lithology, wettability, current oil saturation, porosity type, gas cap, aquifer, salinityhardness, dykstra. Introduction dykstraparsons theory, governing the recovery of oil by water flood, has been well documented ref 1, 2, 3. More than fifty years on, however, dykstra parsons remains an efficient yet rigorous method of modelling both water. Fluid properties and relative permeability data were obtained from correlations figures 52 to 55. A simplified method for water coning predictions conference. Vertical permeability variation, areal permeability variation, detection of stratification, selection of layers, dykstra parsons coefficient, lorentz coefficient, effect of cross flow, vertical sweep efficiency. Two more wells were added longitudinally each time by infill drilling, reducing well spacing between like wells injector to injector and producer to producer. Survey and data analysis of polymer flooding pilot. Waterflooding is a process used to inject water into an oilbearing reservoir for.
The main objective of the pilot was to obtain technical information and operating experience in a reservoir containing oil with 600 cp. The dykstra parsons method is the general approach to calculating vertical sweep efficiency in reservoirs with no vertical pressure communication between layers, since it is appropriate for all values of the mobility ratio. Study of waterflooding process in naturally fractured reservoirs from static and dynamic imbibition experiments air bath. A rapid, approximate method for doing this was presented by dykstra and parsons in 1948. Prediction of waterflood performance dykstra parsons method. Pilot and field dykstra parsons coefficient information a box and violin. The timeseries, water quality, and groundwater components of kisters software have proven to be the ideal instruments with which to manage the various types of data that environmine data services collect. Analytical model of waterflood sweep efficiency in vertical.
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